This is an exploratory, cross-cultural study examining the reasons for divorce based on a sample of 312 Muslim Arabs in Israel. Findings showed a combination of modern and traditional reasons, which reflect the transition experienced by Arab society in Israel. Over two-thirds of both the men and women endorsed ???irreconcilable differences??? and communications problems, common reasons for divorce in the West today. At the same time, a large proportion of the respondents cited physical violence and interference by relatives, reasons which are more common in traditional societies, where divorce is stigmatized and otherwise very difficult. In addition, a sizeable proportion of the men cited problems of conception.