The author explores the tension between inclusion and exclusion and between universalism and particularism in education, emerging from the official civic education curriculum in Israel. The author examines the representations and positions of Palestinian citizens in the official discourse of civic education, and suggests that civic education in Israel at best represents an ambivalent stance caught between inclusion and exclusion. But more often than not, it still reproduces the marginal position of the Palestinian minority in Israeli society. The author discusses the implications these dual messages might have for Palestinian students.
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